{"id":629,"date":"2016-02-04T23:58:10","date_gmt":"2016-02-05T01:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/?p=629"},"modified":"2021-10-10T03:48:55","modified_gmt":"2021-10-10T06:48:55","slug":"por-que-o-design-nao-e-um-simples-fruto-do-acaso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/04\/por-que-o-design-nao-e-um-simples-fruto-do-acaso\/","title":{"rendered":"Por que o Design n\u00e3o \u00e9 um simples fruto do acaso?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Em resposta a publica\u00e7\u00e3o:\u00a0<em>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.universoracionalista.org\/por-que-a-evolucao-nao-e-um-simples-fruto-do-acaso\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Por que a Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 um simples fruto do acaso?<\/a>&#8220;<\/em>\u00a0Gabriel Negreira. 18 Nov 2015. Universo Racionalista.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sem querer encontrei novamente uma publica\u00e7\u00e3o interessante onde\u00a0inclusive prometi uma resposta detalhada. Meu coment\u00e1rio l\u00e1 j\u00e1 marcava mais de 2 meses. Bom, talvez a resposta n\u00e3o seja t\u00e3o detalhada, mas ajudar\u00e1 na compreens\u00e3o da ideia desenvolvida sobre a natureza dos processos estoc\u00e1sticos. Tamb\u00e9m demonstrar\u00e1 que apesar de persuasivo esse algoritmo \u00e9 irreal\u00edstico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O autor, Gabriel Negreira, come\u00e7a o texto apresentando uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o puramente estoc\u00e1stica para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de padr\u00f5es de design, problema \u00a0proposto por um professor de f\u00edsica dele sobre palitos jogados a esmo. Negreira ent\u00e3o apresenta a solu\u00e7\u00e3o evolutiva, sempre presente, nos seguintes termos:<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>Se apenas a aleatoriedade atuasse na evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, certamente ainda n\u00e3o existiria vida na Terra. Provavelmente o mais complexo material que encontrar\u00edamos no planeta seria alguns tipos de mol\u00e9culas org\u00e2nicas. Formar um ser vivo complexo por pura aleatoriedade tamb\u00e9m levaria muito mais tempo do que a exist\u00eancia do Universo. No entanto, para a nossa sorte, existe um fator fundamental que <strong>gera<\/strong> e <strong>direciona<\/strong> a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o: a <strong>sele\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>.<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podemos ver que aqui temos a evolu\u00e7\u00e3o num sentido amplo, incluindo as aspira\u00e7\u00f5es neodarwinistas para a emerg\u00eancia da vida e, como fator fundamental, a sele\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00a0Podemos ver isso desta forma:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>O acaso \u00e9 um ingrediente secund\u00e1rio\u00a0na receita darwiniana; o ingrediente mais importante \u00e9 a sele\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<strong>cumulativa<\/strong>, que \u00e9 um fator absolutamente <strong>n\u00e3o aleat\u00f3rio<\/strong>.\u00b9<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os problemas de combina\u00e7\u00e3o, conforme os valores de entrada, podem retornar valores absurdos. A ideia de sele\u00e7\u00e3o com ac\u00famulo de caracter\u00edsticas \u00e9 atraente. O afunilamento do universo de possibilidades pela adequa\u00e7\u00e3o a determinadas condi\u00e7\u00f5es propicia\u00a0uma abordagem\u00a0satisfat\u00f3ria. Mas isso explicaria a origem de design?<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Antes de prosseguir gostaria de levantar alguns pontos:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">As caracter\u00edsticas do design n\u00e3o ocorrem na natureza justamente porque, como disse Dawkins, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio o ac\u00famulo de caracter\u00edsticas que resistam (ou &#8220;violem&#8221;) aos processos estoc\u00e1sticos, e isso s\u00f3 ocorre onde existe conserva\u00e7\u00e3o ou cria\u00e7\u00e3o informacional no sistema.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">O melhor mecanismo evolutivo poss\u00edvel \u00e9 a coopta\u00e7\u00e3o de elementos sobressalentes das intera\u00e7\u00f5es de fundo. Esses elementos podem fechar um pequeno ciclo irredutivelmente complexo.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">O design que vemos \u00e9, segundo a pr\u00f3pria literatura, semelhante ao design de origem inteligente<strong>\u00b2\u00b3<\/strong> de modo que possui sua &#8220;arbitrariedade&#8221;, ou seja, se apresenta em um modo\u00a0contr\u00e1rio aos processos n\u00e3o direcionados se distinguindo intuitivamente. Entretanto, \u00a0\u00e9 um problema\u00a0expressar suas caracter\u00edsticas em palavras.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p>O algoritmo utilizado para exemplificar a sele\u00e7\u00e3o natural \u00e9 o Weasel que voc\u00ea pode acessar <a href=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/office\/algs\/weasel\/weasel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aqui<\/a><strong>\u2074<\/strong>. Podemos citar o final do artigo onde temos a conclus\u00e3o sobre o processo do algoritmo Weasel:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>... programa deixa claro que a sele\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um agente capaz de direcionar e gerar evolu\u00e7\u00e3o em tempos muito menores que a simples aleatoriedade. ... lembre-se do poder da sele\u00e7\u00e3o natural. \u00c9 ela o motor principal da evolu\u00e7\u00e3o, e, aliada ao tempo, ela \u00e9 capaz de criar \u201cinfinitas formas de grande beleza\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vamos rodar o algoritmo e avaliar o resultado:<\/p>\n<pre>Beginning run\n Gen. 1, 4 letters, <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">et<\/span>xw<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">n<\/span>hrtzmiuatc<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">i<\/span>x<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">v<\/span>sbsrcin<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">w<\/span>f\n Gen. 2, 5 letters, <strong>ET<\/strong>xw<strong>N<\/strong>hr<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">t<\/span>zmiu<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">a<\/span>tc<strong>I<\/strong>x<strong>E<\/strong>sbsrcin<span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">g<\/span>f\n Gen. 3, 7 letters, ETx<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">w<\/span>Nhr <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">z<\/span>miu<strong>S<\/strong>tcIxEsbsrc<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">i<\/span>ngf\n Gen. 4, 9 letters, ETx<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">o<\/span>NKr <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">o<\/span>miuSt<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">c<\/span>IxEsbsrcAng<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">f<\/span>\n Gen. 5, 10 letters, ETxoNKr omiuSt<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">e<\/span>IxEs<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">b<\/span>srcAng<strong>L<\/strong>\n Gen. 6, 11 letters, ET<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">xo<\/span>NKr omiuSteIxEs<strong>A<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">s<\/span>rcAngL\n Gen. 7, 12 letters, ET<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>H<\/strong><\/span>f<\/span>NKr omiuS<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">t<\/span>eIxEsAkrcAngL\n Gen. 8, 13 letters, ETHfNKr omiuS eIxEsAkrcA<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">n<\/span>gL\n Gen. 9, 14 letters, <strong>M<\/strong>ETHfNKr omiuS eIxE<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">s<\/span>AkrcA<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">o<\/span>gL\n Gen. 10, 15 letters, METHfNKr omiuS eIxE Akr<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">c<\/span>Ao<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">g<\/span>L\n Gen. 11, 16 letters, METHfNKr omiuS eIxE A<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">k<\/span>r<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">r<\/span>Ao<strong>E<\/strong>L\n Gen. 12, 17 letters, METH<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">f<\/span>NKr om<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">i<\/span>uS eIxE A rrAoEL\n Gen. 13, 19 letters, METH<strong>I<\/strong>NKr om uS eIxE A rrA<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o<\/span>EL\n Gen. 14, 20 letters, METHINKr <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o<\/span>m uS eIxE A rrA<strong>S<\/strong>EL\n Gen. 15, 21 letters, METHINKr <strong>I<\/strong>m uS <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">e<\/span>IxE A rrASEL\n Gen. 16, 22 letters, METHINKr Im <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">u<\/span>S <strong>L<\/strong>IxE A rrASEL\n Gen. 17, 23 letters, METHINK<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">r<\/span> Im <strong>I<\/strong>S LIxE A rrASEL\n Gen. 18, 24 letters, METHINK<strong>S<\/strong> I<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">m<\/span> IS LIxE A r<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">r<\/span>ASEL\n Gen. 19, 25 letters, METHINKS I<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">s<\/span> IS LI<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">x<\/span>E A r<strong>E<\/strong>ASEL\n Gen. 20, 26 letters, METHINKS Is IS LI<strong>K<\/strong>E A <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">r<\/span>EASEL\n Gen. 21, 27 letters, METHINKS Is IS LIKE A <strong>W<\/strong>EASEL\n Gen. 22, 27 letters, METHINKS I<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">s<\/span> IS LIKE A WEASEL\n Gen. 23, 28 letters, METHINKS I<strong>T<\/strong> IS LIKE A WEASEL\n 28 Matched! in 23 generations.<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Letras em vermelho s\u00e3o as que sofrer\u00e3o muta\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0As letras em azul s\u00e3o as que sofreram muta\u00e7\u00e3o sem alcan\u00e7ar sucesso.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podemos ver que, com a popula\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o de 100 indiv\u00edduos e taxa de muta\u00e7\u00e3o em 4%, alcan\u00e7amos a meta em apenas 23 gera\u00e7\u00f5es. Os grandes pontos que podemos perceber s\u00e3o que:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toda a informa\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria \u00e9 inserida no in\u00edcio, desde o direcionamento at\u00e9 o pr\u00f3prio alvo\/meta, isso \u00e9, a pr\u00f3pria frase que ser\u00e1 evolu\u00edda \u00e9 inserida no algoritmo como objetivo (teleologia).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00e1 somente uma\u00a0taxa, a de muta\u00e7\u00e3o em 4%; algo distante das taxas reais. Podemos tomar uma taxa alta por exemplo, cerca de\u00a010<sup>-3\u00a0<\/sup>\u00a0por letra, o que configura\u00a0apenas\u00a00,1 % por letra\u2076. Como esta taxa \u00e9 ajust\u00e1vel n\u00e3o compromete o algoritmo.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">O processo ocorre independentemente em cada letra, elas s\u00e3o alteradas livremente sem interdepend\u00eancia entre elas, o que facilita muito o processo, mas torna-o irreal\u00edstico. Este\u00a0ponto tem a import\u00e2ncia de desqualificar de vez o algoritmo que, apesar de persuasivo, acaba n\u00e3o satisfazendo as caracter\u00edsticas fundamentais de um sistema biol\u00f3gico.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Todas as funcionalidades que est\u00e3o atuando sobre a sequ\u00eancia s\u00e3o exteriores quando nos organismos elas est\u00e3o presentes na pr\u00f3pria sequ\u00eancia e acabam por vezes sendo alteradas no mesmo processo.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cont\u00e9m apenas 1\u00a0fator seletivo configurando uma press\u00e3o linear, aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o-distanciamento, da letra alvo quando a din\u00e2mica org\u00e2nica \u00e9 n\u00e3o-linear.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure style=\"width: 415px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/tendencias.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"258\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>Direcionamento independente por letra, no caso, de <b>K<\/b> \u2192 <b>A<\/b><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os pontos s\u00e3o relacion\u00e1veis aos crit\u00e9rios da tabela em\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/02\/o-que-deve-haver-em-algoritmos-geneticos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">O que Deve Haver em Algoritmos Gen\u00e9ticos<\/a><\/em><strong>\u2075<\/strong>\u00a0que tem desfecho no resultado abaixo:<\/p>\n<div class=\"tab\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"5\" align=\"center\">Resultado<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tfoot>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/02\/o-que-deve-haver-em-algoritmos-geneticos\/#critab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u25cf Tabela de Crit\u00e9rios\u2075<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Crit\u00e9rio<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Valor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Alcan\u00e7ado<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u25cb<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Valores<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Taxa de muta\u00e7\u00e3o por letra ajust\u00e1vel.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Aceit\u00e1vel<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\">\u2713<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Funcionalidades<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">n.a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Irris\u00f3rio<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u2717<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Din\u00e2mica interna<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u2717<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Multi-sele\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">2+n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u2717<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Enfim, por que o Design n\u00e3o \u00e9 um simples fruto do acaso?<\/p>\n<p>Dembski responde:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>... podemos dizer que o sucesso \u00e9 devido ao conhecimento <strong>pr\u00e9vio<\/strong> sendo explorado para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00e3o ativa no algoritmo de busca.\n\n(...)\n\n... introduzem informa\u00e7\u00e3o ativa; eles est\u00e3o explorando o conhecimento <strong>pr\u00e9vio<\/strong> sobre o problema.\n<\/em><\/span><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">E esse conhecimento pr\u00e9vio pode ser descrito aproximadamente como\u2078:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Somente <span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>processos teleol\u00f3gicos<\/strong><\/span> tem a habilidade de considerar um objetivo futuro.<\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A conclus\u00e3o atual em qualquer cen\u00e1rio, levando em conta todos os fatores, \u00e9 que o sucesso de um algoritmo depender\u00e1 de uma boa dose de conte\u00fado informacional pr\u00e9vio, e a intelig\u00eancia \u00e9 a \u00fanica causa conhecida respons\u00e1vel por antever e prescrever.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nesse caso o programa n\u00e3o come\u00e7a com parte da informa\u00e7\u00e3o almejada, mas com a frase inteira j\u00e1 inserida nele e o algoritmo n\u00e3o faz nada mais que compara\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de cada car\u00e1cter que seja igual entre sequ\u00eancia inserida e sequ\u00eancia aleat\u00f3ria na mesma posi\u00e7\u00e3o. Durante esse &#8220;caminho evolutivo&#8221; a sequ\u00eancia n\u00e3o faz qualquer sentido (que corresponderia a funcionalidade da adapta\u00e7\u00e3o), algo totalmente distinto da proposta darwiniana.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Talvez uma abordagem mais acurada seja desenvolvida com a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o de leitores, mas no momento esta \u00e9 a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><em>Observa\u00e7\u00e3o: \u00c9 poss\u00edvel fazer o quadro evolutivo do Weasel retroceder em muitos casos fixando a popula\u00e7\u00e3o total, irrealisticamente, em apenas 10 indiv\u00edduos.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Refer\u00eancia<\/b><strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1] <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>No cap\u00edtulo 3. Acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de pequenas mudan\u00e7as. P\u00e1gina 55.<\/em><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Dawkins, Richard<\/strong>. O relojoeiro cego. Companhia das Letras, 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #333333;\">&#8220;Intelligent design and natural selection produce similar results. One justification for this view is that programs designed by humans to produce a result are similar to, and may be indistinguishable from, programs generated by mindless selection.<\/span><\/em> \u2193<\/p>\n[2] \u00a0<strong>Smith, John Maynard<\/strong>. &#8220;The concept of information in biology.&#8221; Philosophy of science (2000): 177-194.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><em>&#8220;Note that in our toy model cumulative evolution is much faster than exhaustive search, and fairly close to intelligent design.&#8221;<\/em><\/span> \u2193<\/p>\n[3]\u00a0<strong>G. J. Chaitin<\/strong>, <i>A mathematical theory of evolution and biological creativity<\/i>\u00a0(January 25, 2011<br \/>\n<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">Not yet published &#8211; available from February 2016 in\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/pt\/academic\/subjects\/mathematics\/recreational-mathematics\/once-and-future-turing-computing-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Once and Future\u00a0Turing<\/a><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[4] Algoritmo Weasel\u00a0por\u00a0<strong>Wesley R. Elsberry<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/office\/algs\/weasel\/weasel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(Acessar)<\/a><\/p>\n[5<strong>] Eskelsen<\/strong>. O que Deve Haver em Algoritmos Gen\u00e9ticos.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/02\/o-que-deve-haver-em-algoritmos-geneticos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/tdibrasil.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/02\/o-que-deve-haver-em-algoritmos-geneticos\/<\/a><\/p>\n[6] <strong>Drake, John W., et al<\/strong>. &#8220;Rates of spontaneous mutation.&#8221; Genetics 148.4 (1998): 1667-1686.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/genetics.org\/content\/148\/4\/1667.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/genetics.org\/content\/148\/4\/1667.full<\/a><\/p>\n[7] <strong>Ewert, Winston, William A. Dembski, and Robert J. Marks II<\/strong>. &#8220;Climbing the Steiner Tree&#8211;Sources of Active Information in a Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Euclidean Steiner Tree Problem.&#8221; BIO-Complexity 2012 (2012).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bio-complexity.org\/ojs\/index.php\/main\/article\/view\/BIO-C.2012.1\/BIO-C.2012.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/bio-complexity.org\/ojs\/index.php\/main\/article\/view\/BIO-C.2012.1\/BIO-C.2012.1<\/a><\/p>\n[8]\u00a0<strong>Ewert, Winston, et al.<\/strong> &#8220;Time and Information in Evolution.&#8221; <i>BIO-Complexity<\/i>2012 (2012).<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/bio-complexity.org\/ojs\/index.php\/main\/article\/view\/BIO-C.2012.4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/bio-complexity.org\/ojs\/index.php\/main\/article\/view\/BIO-C.2012.4<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Em qualquer cen\u00e1rio o sucesso de um algoritmo depender\u00e1 de uma boa dose de conte\u00fado informacional pr\u00e9vio, e a intelig\u00eancia \u00e9 a \u00fanica causa conhecida respons\u00e1vel por antever e prescrever.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,7,9,16,18,34],"tags":[64,208,979],"class_list":["post-629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analise","category-computacao","category-critica","category-especial","category-evolucao","category-opiniao","tag-algoritmos","tag-computacao","tag-weasel"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Por que o Design n\u00e3o \u00e9 um simples fruto do acaso? 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